{
  "dataset": "nhtsa-investigations",
  "title": "NHTSA Defect Investigations",
  "description": "Every NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) action touching a tracked vehicle — open and historical. The leading indicator of a recall: a Preliminary Evaluation (PE) can escalate to an Engineering Analysis (EA) and then a recall. Includes the recall campaign number for investigations that became recalls.",
  "methodology": "Parsed from NHTSA’s ODI investigations flat file (FLAT_INV) and matched to our vehicles by year/make/model. One row per NHTSA action number. \"status\" is open when the federal record carries no close date; \"recall_campaign\" holds the NHTSA campaign number when the investigation led to a recall. An investigation is NHTSA examining a pattern — not a confirmed defect.",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "ProblemsByVin (https://problemsbyvin.com)",
    "source": "US NHTSA owner complaints + recalls (public record), MY 2005–2025"
  },
  "generated": "2026-05-31",
  "columns": [
    {
      "key": "action_number",
      "label": "action_number",
      "desc": "NHTSA investigation ID (prefix = type)"
    },
    {
      "key": "type",
      "label": "type",
      "desc": "PE | EA | RQ | DP | AQ — investigation stage"
    },
    {
      "key": "status",
      "label": "status",
      "desc": "open | closed, per the NHTSA record"
    },
    {
      "key": "make",
      "label": "make",
      "desc": "Manufacturer (blank if it spans multiple makes)"
    },
    {
      "key": "model",
      "label": "model",
      "desc": "Model (blank if it spans multiple models)"
    },
    {
      "key": "year_start",
      "label": "year_start",
      "desc": "Earliest affected model year in our fleet"
    },
    {
      "key": "year_end",
      "label": "year_end",
      "desc": "Latest affected model year in our fleet"
    },
    {
      "key": "component",
      "label": "component",
      "desc": "NHTSA component under investigation"
    },
    {
      "key": "opened",
      "label": "opened",
      "desc": "Investigation open date"
    },
    {
      "key": "closed",
      "label": "closed",
      "desc": "Close date (blank if open)"
    },
    {
      "key": "recall_campaign",
      "label": "recall_campaign",
      "desc": "NHTSA recall campaign # if it led to a recall"
    },
    {
      "key": "nhtsa_url",
      "label": "nhtsa_url",
      "desc": "Official NHTSA record"
    }
  ],
  "row_count": 584,
  "rows": [
    {
      "action_number": "PE26004",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Rivian",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2022,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "SUSPENSION:REAR",
      "opened": "2026-05-26",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE26004"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA26003",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Land Rover",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2014,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "STEERING:LINKAGES:KNUCKLE:SPINDLE:ARM",
      "opened": "2026-04-24",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA26003"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "DP26003",
      "type": "DP",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Nissan",
      "model": "Frontier",
      "year_start": 2006,
      "year_end": 2006,
      "component": "ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING",
      "opened": "2026-03-30",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=DP26003"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA26002",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2016,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ADAS",
      "opened": "2026-03-18",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA26002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "DP26001",
      "type": "DP",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Acura",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION",
      "opened": "2026-03-06",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=DP26001"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE26002",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "RAM",
      "model": "3500",
      "year_start": 2022,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING:CONNECTORS/PLUGS/RECEPTACLES",
      "opened": "2026-03-02",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE26002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA26001",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Ford",
      "model": "F-150",
      "year_start": 2015,
      "year_end": 2017,
      "component": "POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:CONTROL MODULE (TCM/PCM/TECM)",
      "opened": "2026-01-30",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA26001"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ26002",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Mazda",
      "model": "CX-90",
      "year_start": 2024,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "STEERING",
      "opened": "2026-01-26",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ26002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ26001",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2024,
      "component": "ENGINE",
      "opened": "2026-01-16",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ26001"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "DP25002",
      "type": "DP",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "Model 3",
      "year_start": 2022,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "STRUCTURE:BODY:DOOR:HANDLE:INTERIOR",
      "opened": "2025-12-23",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=DP25002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25020",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Ford",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2014,
      "year_end": 2018,
      "component": "ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:GASOLINE:BELTS AND ASSOCIATED PULLEYS",
      "opened": "2025-12-18",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25020"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25019",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Land Rover",
      "model": "Defender",
      "year_start": 2024,
      "year_end": 2024,
      "component": "SEAT BELTS",
      "opened": "2025-12-11",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25019"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ25005",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Jeep",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "SUSPENSION:REAR:SPRINGS:COIL SPRINGS",
      "opened": "2025-12-11",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ25005"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25017",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Honda",
      "model": "Pilot",
      "year_start": 2023,
      "year_end": 2024,
      "component": "SEAT BELTS",
      "opened": "2025-10-28",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25017"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25018",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Honda",
      "model": "Odyssey",
      "year_start": 2018,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "AIR BAGS",
      "opened": "2025-10-28",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25018"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA25007",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2024,
      "component": "ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:HARD PARTS INTERNAL/MECHANICAL",
      "opened": "2025-10-23",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA25007"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25014",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Jeep",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2020,
      "year_end": 2020,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: INSTRUMENT CLUSTER/PANEL",
      "opened": "2025-10-23",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25014"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA25005",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2017,
      "year_end": 2020,
      "component": "AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE",
      "opened": "2025-10-21",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA25005"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25012",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2016,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ADAS",
      "opened": "2025-10-07",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25012"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25010",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "Model Y",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2021,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:12V/24V/48V BATTERY",
      "opened": "2025-09-15",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25010"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25009",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Chrysler",
      "model": "Pacifica",
      "year_start": 2017,
      "year_end": 2018,
      "component": "STEERING:ELECTRIC POWER ASSIST SYSTEM",
      "opened": "2025-09-05",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25009"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "AQ25002",
      "type": "AQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2016,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ADAS",
      "opened": "2025-08-20",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=AQ25002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25008",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2016,
      "year_end": 2020,
      "component": "ENGINE",
      "opened": "2025-08-20",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25008"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25007",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Ford",
      "model": "Flex",
      "year_start": 2019,
      "year_end": 2019,
      "component": "STRUCTURE:BODY:DOOR",
      "opened": "2025-08-07",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25007"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ25004",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Polestar",
      "model": "Polestar 2",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA",
      "opened": "2025-07-09",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ25004"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ25003",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "RAM",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2013,
      "year_end": 2018,
      "component": "POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION",
      "opened": "2025-07-03",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ25003"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE25005",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Nissan",
      "model": "Cube",
      "year_start": 2009,
      "year_end": 2009,
      "component": "AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE",
      "opened": "2025-06-13",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE25005"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA25004",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2015,
      "year_end": 2025,
      "component": "ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:CRANK/CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR",
      "opened": "2025-03-26",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA25004"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA25003",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Honda",
      "model": "Ridgeline",
      "year_start": 2017,
      "year_end": 2019,
      "component": "BACK OVER PREVENTION",
      "opened": "2025-02-11",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA25003"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA25002",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Honda",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2019,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE: AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING",
      "opened": "2025-01-17",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA25002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA24004",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Volkswagen",
      "model": "Atlas",
      "year_start": 2019,
      "year_end": 2019,
      "component": "FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE: AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING",
      "opened": "2024-12-18",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA24004"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24024",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Jeep",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "STEERING:HYDRAULIC POWER ASSIST:PUMP",
      "opened": "2024-09-06",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24024"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24020",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Nissan",
      "model": "Rogue",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2021,
      "component": "STEERING:LINKAGES:TIE ROD ASSEMBLY",
      "opened": "2024-08-05",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24020"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA24003",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Dodge",
      "model": "Journey",
      "year_start": 2009,
      "year_end": 2020,
      "component": "LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES",
      "opened": "2024-08-01",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA24003"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24018",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2022,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:12V/24V/48V BATTERY",
      "opened": "2024-07-19",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24018"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ24012",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Jeep",
      "model": "Wrangler",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2024,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM",
      "opened": "2024-07-05",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ24012"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24017",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Nissan",
      "model": "Rogue",
      "year_start": 2015,
      "year_end": 2015,
      "component": "AIR BAGS:SIDE/WINDOW:CURTAIN",
      "opened": "2024-05-31",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24017"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24014",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Ford",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2015,
      "year_end": 2020,
      "component": "FUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL",
      "opened": "2024-05-09",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24014"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ24009",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2012,
      "year_end": 2024,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ADAS:DRIVER MONITORING:SOFTWARE",
      "opened": "2024-04-25",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ24009"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA24002",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Honda",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2017,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE: AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING",
      "opened": "2024-04-15",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA24002"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24011",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Cadillac",
      "model": "Lyriq",
      "year_start": 2023,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "SERVICE BRAKES",
      "opened": "2024-04-11",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24011"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "AQ24004",
      "type": "AQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2021,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "VISIBILITY:DEFROSTER/DEFOGGER/HVAC SYSTEM:WINDSHIELD:ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT",
      "opened": "2024-04-03",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=AQ24004"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "PE24009",
      "type": "PE",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "RAM",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2022,
      "year_end": 2022,
      "component": "POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION",
      "opened": "2024-03-27",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE24009"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ24004",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Chrysler",
      "model": "Pacifica",
      "year_start": 2018,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING",
      "opened": "2024-02-27",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=RQ24004"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "EA24001",
      "type": "EA",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Tesla",
      "model": "",
      "year_start": 2023,
      "year_end": 2023,
      "component": "STEERING",
      "opened": "2024-02-01",
      "closed": "",
      "recall_campaign": "25V092",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=EA24001"
    },
    {
      "action_number": "RQ24001",
      "type": "RQ",
      "status": "open",
      "make": "Chrysler",
      "model": "Pacifica",
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      "type": "PE",
      "status": "closed",
      "make": "Chrysler",
      "model": "PT Cruiser",
      "year_start": 2005,
      "year_end": 2005,
      "component": "STEERING",
      "opened": "2004-03-15",
      "closed": "2004-06-18",
      "recall_campaign": "04V268000",
      "nhtsa_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/?nhtsaId=PE04028"
    }
  ]
}